(28-11-2017) docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults
Ken D. Starka, , , Mary E. Van Elswykb, , M. Roberta Higginsc, , Charli A. Weatherfordd, , Norman Salem Jr.e,
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2016.05.001
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Abstract
Studies reporting blood levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were systematically identified in order to create a global map identifying countries and regions with different blood levels. Included studies were those of healthy adults, published in 1980 or later. A total of 298 studies met all inclusion criteria. Studies reported fatty acids in various blood fractions including plasma total lipids (33%), plasma phospholipid (32%), erythrocytes (32%) and whole blood (3.0%). Fatty acid data from each blood fraction were converted to relative weight percentages (wt.%) and then assigned to one of four discrete ranges (high, moderate, low, very low) corresponding to wt.% EPA + DHA in erythrocyte equivalents. Regions with high EPA + DHA blood levels (> 8%) included the Sea of Japan, Scandinavia, and areas with indigenous populations or populations not fully adapted to Westernized food habits. Very low blood levels (≤ 4%) were observed in North America, Central and South America, Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The present review reveals considerable variability in blood levels of EPA + DHA and the very low to low range of blood EPA + DHA for most of the world may increase global risk for chronic disease.
Progress in Lipid ResearchVolume 63, July 2016, Pages 132–152
Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0163782715300333
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