(02-11-13) Comparison of 2 weight-loss diets of different protein content on bone health: a randomized trial

1. David Jesudason,
2. BE Christopher Nordin,
3. Jennifer Keogh, and
4. Peter Clifton
+Author Affiliations
1. 1From Food and Nutritional Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, Australia (DJ, JK, and PC); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Human Nutrition, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (DJ and PC); the Endocrinology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (DJ); Clinical Chemistry, South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (BECN); and the University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, Australia (JK and PC).
+Author Notes
¡¤ ↵2 The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization did not influence the trial design, trial conduct, or manuscript preparation.
¡¤ ↵3 Supported by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, which is a research organization supported by the Australian government.
¡¤ ↵4 Address reprint requests and correspondence to D Jesudason, Department of Endocrinology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville, Adelaide, AUS 5011, Australia. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesized that hip-fracture rates are higher in developed than in developing countries because high-protein (HP) Western diets induce metabolic acidosis and hypercalciuria. Confounders include interactions between dietary protein and calcium, sodium, and potassium.
Objective: We determined whether an HP or a high-normal¨Cprotein (HNP) weight-loss diet caused greater loss in bone mineral density (BMD) over 24 mo.
Design: The Weight Loss, Protein and Bone Density Study was conducted from 2008 to 2011 in 323 overweight [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) >27] postmenopausal women, with a total hip BMD t score less than −2.0. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an isocaloric calcium-replete HP (¡Ý90 g protein/d) or HNP (<80 g protein/d) weight-loss diet, with the aim of a difference of 20 g protein/d. A total of 186 subjects (90 subjects in the HP group, 96 subjects in the HNP group) completed 12 mo, and 137 subjects (69 subjects in the HP group, 68 subjects in the HNP group) completed 24 mo.
Results: Biomarkers confirmed a difference in protein intake of 16 and 13.1 g at 12 and 24 mo, respectively. Mean (¡ÀSE) weight loss was equal; HP subjects lost 7.9 ¡À 0.9 kg and HNP subjects lost 8.9 ¡À 0.9 kg at 24 mo. Subjects lost 1¨C2% BMD annually at lumbar spine vertebrae 2¨C4, the forearm, the femoral neck, and hip. ANCOVA showed no effect of the HP or HNP diet (P > 0.05 for diet and diet-time interactions). A diet-by-time analysis showed that the HNP diet increased C-terminal telopeptide and osteocalcin (P ¡Ü 0.001 for each) despite hypercalciuria (P = 0.029).
Conclusion: High dietary protein intake during weight loss has no clinically significant effect on bone density but slows bone turnover. This trial was registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.anzctr.org.au) as ACTRN12608000229370.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr November 2013vol. 98 no. 5 1343-1352

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