(09-11-13) Association of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids with changes in glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Mahendran Y, Agren J, Uusitupa M, Cederberg H, Vangipurapu J, Stancáková A, Schwab U, Kuusisto J,Laakso M.
Source
Institute of Clinical Sciences, Internal Medicine (YM, HC, JV, AS, JK, and ML), the Institute of Biomedicine Physiology (JÅ), and the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MU and US), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, and the Research Unit (MU) and the Department of Medicine (HC, JK, and ML), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The significance of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (EMFAs) and their ratios to predict hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes is unclear.
OBJECTIVE:
We investigated EMFAs as predictors of the worsening of hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5-y follow-up of a population-based study.
DESIGN:
We measured EMFAs in 1346 Finnish men aged 45-73 y at baseline [mean ± SD age: 55 ± 6 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 26.5 ± 3.5]. Our prospective follow-up study included only men who were nondiabetic at baseline and who had data available at the 5-y follow-up visit (n = 735).
RESULTS:
Our study showed that, after the adjustment for confounding factors, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7; P = 2.8 × 10-7), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6; P = 2.3 × 10-4), the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 (P = 1.6 × 10-8) as a marker of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 activity, and the ratio of 20:3n-6 to 18:2n-6 (P = 9.4 × 10-7) as a marker of Δ6-desaturase activity significantly predicted the worsening of hyperglycemia (glucose area under the curve in an oral-glucose-tolerance test). In contrast, linoleic acid (18:2n-6; P = 0.0015) and the ratio of 18:1n-7 to 16:1n-7 (P = 1.5 × 10-9) as a marker of elongase activity had opposite associations. Statistical significance persisted even after the adjustment for baseline insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glycemia. Palmitoleic acid (P = 0.010) and the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 (P = 0.004) nominally predicted incident type 2 diabetes, whereas linoleic acid had an opposite association (P = 0.004), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids did not show any associations.
CONCLUSION:
EMFAs and their ratios are associated longitudinally with changes in glycemia and the risk type 2 diabetes.


Source: Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]

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