(14-10-14) Lipidomic analysis of fatty acids in erythrocytes of coeliac patients before

Lipidomic analysis of fatty acids in erythrocytes of coeliac patients before
and after a gluten-free diet intervention: a comparison with healthy subjects.
Riezzo G1, Ferreri C2, Orlando A1, Martulli M1, D'Attoma B1, Russo F1.
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Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) patients may exhibit a pro-inflammatory profile and fatty
acids (FA) can influence inflammation through a variety of cellular pathways in
them. The aims of the present study were to (1) evaluate the FA composition of
erythrocytes obtained from newly diagnosed CD patients by lipidomic analysis
and compare it with that in healthy subjects and (2) determine the effects of 1-
year gluten-free diet (GFD) intervention. A total of twenty CD patients (five
men and fifteen women; mean age 34•0 (sem 1•7) years) were evaluated at
diagnosis and after 1 year of GFD intervention. A total of twenty healthy
subjects (seven men and thirteen women; mean age 40•2 (sem 2•5) years) served
as controls. CD patients on an unrestricted diet exhibited a significant 2•08-
fold higher concentration of arachidic acid when compared with healthy
subjects, suggesting that it can be considered as a putative marker of CD.
Besides, the arachidonic acid (AA):dihomo-ã-linolenic acid ratio was 2•01-fold
significantly lower in CD patients than in healthy subjects (P< 0•01),
underlying an inefficient synthesis of PUFA from their precursors in terms of
desaturase activity. In addition, mainly due to lower concentrations of
docosahexaenoic acid, the inflammation marker AA:docosahexaenoic acid ratio was
1•40-fold significantly higher in CD patients than in healthy subjects. After 1
year of GFD intervention, FA concentrations in CD patients were still different
from those observed in healthy subjects. The lipidomic analysis of erythrocyte
membranes confirmed the presence of an altered FA composition in CD patients
and the GFD's ability to modify FA profile, even if 1-year GFD intervention
seems to be not sufficient to restore FA concentrations to normality. This
procedure, being easier and non-invasive compared with the evaluation of the FA
pattern of the intestinal mucosa, could offer more potentiality for also
evaluating therapeutic interventions in CD patients by using FA
supplementation.

Source: Br J Nutr. 2014 Sep 30:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]

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