(27-04-2017) Effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on VLDL-triglyceride assembly, production, and clearance

Elizabeth J. Parks,1 Ronald M. Krauss,2 Mark P. Christiansen,3 Richard A. Neese,3 and Marc K. Hellerstein3,4

1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA2Department of Molecular and Nuclear Medicine, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA3Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, and the Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA4Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Address correspondence to: Elizabeth J. Parks, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. Or to: Marc K. Hellerstein, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3104, USA. Phone: (510) 642-0646; Fax: (510) 642-0535; E-mail: [email protected].

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1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA2Department of Molecular and Nuclear Medicine, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA3Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, and the Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA4Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Address correspondence to: Elizabeth J. Parks, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. Or to: Marc K. Hellerstein, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3104, USA. Phone: (510) 642-0646; Fax: (510) 642-0535; E-mail: [email protected].

Find articles by Krauss, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA2Department of Molecular and Nuclear Medicine, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA3Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, and the Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA4Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Address correspondence to: Elizabeth J. Parks, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. Or to: Marc K. Hellerstein, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3104, USA. Phone: (510) 642-0646; Fax: (510) 642-0535; E-mail: [email protected].

Find articles by Christiansen, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA2Department of Molecular and Nuclear Medicine, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA3Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, and the Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA4Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Address correspondence to: Elizabeth J. Parks, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. Or to: Marc K. Hellerstein, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3104, USA. Phone: (510) 642-0646; Fax: (510) 642-0535; E-mail: [email protected].

Find articles by Neese, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA2Department of Molecular and Nuclear Medicine, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA3Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, and the Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA4Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Address correspondence to: Elizabeth J. Parks, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. Or to: Marc K. Hellerstein, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3104, USA. Phone: (510) 642-0646; Fax: (510) 642-0535; E-mail: [email protected].

Find articles by Hellerstein, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

First published October 15, 1999-More info

Published inVolume 104, Issue 8(October 15, 1999)
J Clin Invest.1999;104(8):1087–1096. doi:10.1172/JCI6572.
Copyright ©1999, The American Society for Clinical Investigation.
Published October 15, 1999
Received: February 17, 1999 ; Accepted: August 30, 1999
Article

Abstract
Low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) diets commonly elevate plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations, but the kinetic mechanisms responsible for this effect remain uncertain. Subjects with low TG (normolipidemic [NL]) and those with moderately elevated TG (hypertriglyceridemic [HTG]) were studied on both a control and an LF/HC diet. We measured VLDL particle and TG transport rates, plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flux, and sources of fatty acids used for the assembly of VLDL-TG. The LF/HC diet resulted in a 60% elevation in TG, a 37% reduction in VLDL-TG clearance, and an 18% reduction in whole-body fat oxidation, but no significant change in VLDL-apo B or VLDL-TG secretion rates. Significant elevations in fasting apo B-48 concentrations were observed on the LF/HC in HTG subjects. In both groups, fasting de novo lipogenesis was low regardless of diet. The NEFA pool contributed the great majority of fatty acids to VLDL-TG in NL subjects on both diets, whereas in HTG subjects, the contribution of NEFA was somewhat lower overall and was reduced further in individuals on the LF/HC diet. Between 13% and 29% of VLDL-TG fatty acids remained unaccounted for by the sum of de novo lipogenesis and plasma NEFA input in HTG subjects. We conclude that (a) whole-food LF/HC diets reduce VLDL-TG clearance and do not increase VLDL-TG secretion or de novo lipogenesis; (b) sources of fatty acids for assembly of VLDL-TG differ between HTG and NL subjects and are further affected by diet composition; (c) the presence of chylomicron remnants in the fasting state on LF/HC diets may contribute to elevated TG levels by competing for VLDL-TG lipolysis and by providing a source of fatty acids for hepatic VLDL-TG synthesis; and (d) the assembly, production, and clearance of elevated plasma VLDL-TG in response to LF/HC diets therefore differ from those for elevated TG on higher-fat diets.

Source: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/6572

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