(21-01-06) Diet and Exercise Reduce Low-grade Inflammation and Macrophage Infiltration in Adipose Tissue but not in Skeletal Muscle in Severely

Bruun JM, Helge JW, Richelsen B, Stallknecht B.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus C, Denmark.

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The study investigated the effect of a fifteen weeks life-style intervention [hypocaloric diet and daily exercise] on inflammatory markers in plasma, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle (SM) in twenty-seven severely obese subjects [mean BMI: 45.8 kg/m(2)]. Plasma samples, subcutaneous abdominal AT-biopsies, and vastus lateralis SM-biopsies were obtained before and after the intervention and analysed by ELISA and RT-PCR. The intervention reduced body weight (p<0.001) and increased insulin sensitivity [HOMA; p<0.05]. Plasma adiponectin (p<0.001) increased and CRP (p<0.05), IL-6 (p<0.01), IL-8 (p<0.05), and MCP-1 (p<0.01) decreased. AT inflammation was reduced determined from an increased mRNA expression of adiponectin (p<0.001) and a decreased expression of macrophage specific markers [CD14, CD68], IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha (p<0.01). After adjusting for macrophage infiltration in AT only IL-6 mRNA was decreased (p<0.05). Only very low levels of inflammatory markers were found in SM. The intervention had no effect on adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA in AT or SM. Thus, hypocaloric diet and increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity and reduced low-grade inflammation. Markers of inflammation were particularly reduced in AT whereas SM does not contribute to this attenuation of whole body inflammation.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec 13; [Epub ahead of print]

PMID: 16352667 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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