(08-02-06) High glycemic index carbohydrate mediates an acute proinflammatory process as measured by NF-kappaB activation.

Dickinson S, Hancock DP, Petocz P, Brand-Miller JC.

School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006.

Background - Some high-carbohydrate diets may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by promoting hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. In this context, the classification of carbohydrates according to their postprandial effects (ie the glycemic index, GI) may be relevant to prevention and management of CVD. Objectives - The present study was designed to detect differences in postprandial NF-kappaB activation (an acute inflammatory marker) in mononuclear cells and nitrotyrosine levels (a marker of oxidative stress) after high vs low GI meals in 10 lean, young, healthy European Caucasian subjects (5 male, 5 female) matched for age, BMI, waist circumference, diet and physical activity. Design - A 50 g portion of a high GI (white bread) was compared with an isoenergetic, macronutrient-matched portion of a low GI food (pasta) consumed in random order after an overnight fast. Glycaemia, insulinemia, NF-kappaB and nitrotyrosine levels were determined at 0, 60, 120 and 180 min and quantitated using the area under the curve (AUC). Outcome - Glycemia and insulinemia were within the normal range but 3- and nearly 4-fold higher respectively after the bread meal compared with the pasta meal. As hypothesised, the NF-kappaB response was 3-fold greater after the bread meal (mean +/- SEM: 69 +/- 16 optical density (OD) h) compared with the pasta meal (23 +/- 4.7 OD h). Nitrotyrosine levels increased after the bread meal (0.67 +/- 0.49 nmoles/L) and decreased after the pasta (-0.81 +/- 0.30 nmoles/L) but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion - The present study shows that high GI carbohydrate, but not low GI carbohydrate, mediates an acute proinflammatory process as measured by NF-kappaB activity. Blunting postprandial glycemia via low GI carbohydrate may lower CVD risk.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14 Suppl:S120.

PMID: 16326481 [PubMed - in process]

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