(06-08-10) Longitudinal association of vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12 with depressive symptoms among older adults over time1,2,3

Kimberly A Skarupski, Christine Tangney, Hong Li, Bichun Ouyang, Denis A Evans and Martha Clare Morris
1 From the Section of Nutrition and Nutritional Epidemiology (KAS, CT, HL, BO, and MCM), Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (KAS and DAE), the Department of Internal Medicine (KAS, DAE, and MCM), the Department of Clinical Nutrition (CT), Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (DAE), and the Department of Neurological Sciences (DAE), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
2 Supported by grants AG11101 and AG13170 from the NIH/NIA.
3 Address correspondence to KA Skarupski, Section of Nutrition and Nutritional Epidemiology, Rush University Medical Center, Oak Park Professional Office Building, Suite 4700, 610 South Maple Avenue, Oak Park, IL 60304. E-mail: [email protected] .
Background: B-vitamin deficiencies have been associated with depression; however, there is very little prospective evidence from population-based studies of older adults.
Objective: We examined whether dietary intakes of vitamins B-6, folate, or vitamin B-12 were predictive of depressive symptoms over an average of 7.2 y in a community-based population of older adults.
Design: The study sample consisted of 3503 adults from the Chicago Health and Aging project, an ongoing, population-based, biracial (59% African American) study in adults aged 65 y. Dietary assessment was made by food-frequency questionnaire. Incident depression was measured by the presence of 4 depressive symptoms from the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.
Results: The logistic regression models, which used generalized estimating equations, showed that higher total intakes, which included supplementation, of vitamins B-6 and B-12 were associated with a decreased likelihood of incident depression for up to 12 y of follow-up, after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, income, and antidepressant medication use. For example, each 10 additional milligrams of vitamin B-6 and 10 additional micrograms of vitamin B-12 were associated with 2% lower odds of depressive symptoms per year. There was no association between depressive symptoms and food intakes of these vitamins or folate. These associations remained after adjustment for smoking, alcohol use, widowhood, caregiving status, cognitive function, physical disability, and medical conditions.
Conclusion: Our results support the hypotheses that high total intakes of vitamins B-6 and B-12 are protective of depressive symptoms over time in community-residing older adults.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr 92: 330-335, 2010.

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