(05-09-10) Associations of dietary fat with albuminuria and kidney dysfunction.

Lin J, Judd S, Le A, Ard J, Newsome BB, Howard G, Warnock DG, McClellan W.

Renal Division, Brigham and Womenrsquos Hospital, Boston, MA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diet represents a potentially important target for intervention in
nephropathy, yet data on this topic are scarce.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to investigate associations between dietary fats
and early kidney disease.

DESIGN: We examined cross-sectional associations between dietary fats and
presence of high albuminuria (an established independent predictor of kidney
function decline, cardiovascular disease, and mortality) or estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) lt 60 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2) at baseline
in 19,256 participants of the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial
Differences in Stroke) study, an ongoing cohort study of US adults aged ge 45 y
at time of enrollment. We used logistic regression to assess associations
between quintiles of total fat and subtypes of dietary fat (saturated,
monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat) and presence of high
albuminuria or eGFR lt 60 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2).

RESULTS: After multivariable adjustment, only saturated fat intake was
significantly associated with high albuminuria [for quintile 5 compared with
quintile 1, odds ratio (OR): 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.66; P for trend = 0.04]. No
significant associations between any type of fat and eGFR lt 60 mL . min(-1) .
1.73 m(-2) were observed. ORs between the highest quintile of saturated fat and
eGFR lt 60 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2) varied by race with a borderline
significant interaction term (ORs: 1.24 in whites compared with 0.74 in blacks;
P for interaction = 0.05) in multivariable-adjusted models, but no other
associations were significantly modified by race or diabetes status.

CONCLUSION: Higher saturated fat intake is significantly associated with
presence of high albuminuria, but neither total nor other subtypes of dietary
fat are associated with high albuminuria or eGFR lt 60 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m
(-2).

Source: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Aug 11.

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