(22-10-10) Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2-Diabetes with the Mediterranean Diet:

Results of the PREDIMED-Reus Nutrition Intervention Randomized Trial.

Salas-Salvad? J, Bull? M, Babio N, Mart?nez-Gonz?lez MA, Ibarrola-Jurado N,
Basora J, Estruch R, Covas MI, Corella D, Ar?s F, Ruiz-Guti?rrez V, Ros E; For
the PREDIMED Study investigators.

AbstractObjective - To test the effects of two Mediterranean-diet
interventions versus a low-fat diet on incidence of diabetes. Research Design
and Methods - Three-arm randomized trial in 418 nondiabetic subjects aged 55-80
years recruited in one center (PREDIMED-Reus, North-Eastern Spain) of the
PREDIMED study, a large nutrition-intervention trial for primary cardiovascular
prevention in persons at high cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomized
to education on a low-fat diet (control group) or one of two Mediterranean
diets, supplemented with either free virgin olive oil (1 liter/week) or nuts
(30 g/day). Diets were ad libitum and no advice on physical activity was given.
The main outcome was diabetes incidence diagnosed by the 2009 American Diabetes
Association criteria. Results - After a median follow-up of 4.0 years, diabetes
incidence was 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1-15.1), 11.0% (5.9-16.1),
and 17.9% (11.4-24.4) in the Mediterranean-diet with olive oil group, the
Mediterranean-diet with nuts group, and the control group, respectively.
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of diabetes were 0.49 (0.25-0.97) and 0.48
(0.24-0.96) in the Mediterranean-diet groups supplemented with olive oil and
nuts, respectively, compared to the control group. When pooling the two
Mediterranean-diet groups compared to the control group, diabetes incidence was
reduced by 52% (27-86). In all study arms, increased adherence to the
Mediterranean-diet was inversely associated with diabetes incidence. Diabetes
risk reduction occurred in the absence of significant changes in body weight or
physical activity. Conclusion - Mediterranean diets without calorie restriction
appear to be effective in the prevention of diabetes in subjects at high
cardiovascular risk. Trial Registration: www.controlled-trials.com Identifier:
ISRCTN35739639.

Source: Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]

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