(12-02-11) Impact of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue on cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson Heart Study.

Liu J, Fox CS, Hickson DA, May WD, Hairston KG, Carr JJ, Taylor HA.

Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 West
Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, Mississippi 39213-4505, USA. [email protected]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major driver of cardiometabolic risk. Abdominal
visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and sc adipose tissue (SAT) may confer
differential metabolic risk profiles. We investigated the relations of VAT and
SAT with cardiometabolic risk factors in the Jackson Heart Study cohort.

METHODS: Participants from the Jackson Heart Study (n=2477; 64% women; mean
age, 58 yr) underwent multidetector computed tomography, and the volumetric
amounts of VAT and SAT were assessed between 2007 and 2009. Cardiometabolic
risk factors were examined by sex in relation to VAT and SAT.

RESULTS: Men had a higher mean volume of VAT (873 vs. 793 cm3) and a lower
mean volume of SAT (1730 vs. 2659 cm3) than women (P=0.0001). Per 1-sd
increment in either VAT or SAT, we observed elevated levels of fasting plasma
glucose and triglyceride, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,
and increased odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
The effect size of VAT in women was larger than that of SAT [fasting plasma
glucose, 5.51?1.0 vs. 3.36?0.9; triglyceride, 0.17?0.01 vs. 0.05?0.01; high-
density lipoprotein-cholesterol, -5.36?0.4 vs. -2.85?0.4; and odds ratio for
hypertension, 1.62 (1.4-1.9) vs. 1.40 (1.2-1.6); diabetes, 1.82 (1.6-2.1) vs.
1.58 (1.4-1.8); and metabolic syndrome, 3.34 (2.8-4.0) vs. 2.06 (1.8-2.4),
respectively; P<0.0001 for difference between VAT and SAT]. Similar patterns
were also observed in men. Furthermore, VAT remained associated with most risk
factors even after accounting for body mass index (P ranging from 0.006-
0.0001). The relationship of VAT to most risk factors was significantly
different between women and men.

CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal VAT and SAT are both associated with adverse
cardiometabolic risk factors, but VAT remains more strongly associated with
these risk factors. The results from this study suggest that relations with
cardiometabolic risk factors are consistent with a pathogenic role of abdominal
adiposity in participants of African ancestry.

Source: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Dec;95(12):5419-26. Epub 2010 Sep 15.

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