(28-02-11) Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-weight, overweight, and obese individu

Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals: 1971-2006.
Austin GL, Ogden LG, Hill JO.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Denver,
Aurora, CO.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased
dramatically.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine trends in carbohydrate, fat,
and protein intakes in adults and their association with energy intake by using
data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-a
representative sample of the US population.

DESIGN: Data on adults aged 20-74 y from the first NHANES (NHANES I, 1971-
1975; n = 13,106) were compared with data from NHANES 2005-2006 (n = 4381).
Normal weight was defined as a body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) of 19 to <25,
overweight as a BMI of 25 to <30, and obese as a BMI of ??30. Carbohydrate, fat,
and protein intakes were obtained by dietary recall. Regression analyses were
adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity increased from 11.9% to 33.4% in men and
from 16.6% to 36.5% in women. The percentage of energy from carbohydrates
increased from 44.0% to 48.7%, the percentage of energy from fat decreased from
36.6% to 33.7%, and the percentage of energy from protein decreased from 16.5%
to 15.7%. Trends were identical across normal-weight, overweight, and obese
groups. Energy intake increased substantially in all 3 BMI groups. In NHANES
2005-2006, a 1% increase in the percentage of energy from protein was
associated with a decrease in energy intake of 32 kcal (substituted for
carbohydrates) or 51 kcal (substituted for fat). Similar findings were seen
across all BMI categories, in men and women, and in NHANES I.

CONCLUSIONS: Energy intake and the prevalence of obesity have increased
dramatically. Dietary interventions should focus on decreasing energy intake
and potentially by substituting protein for fat or carbohydrates.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print]

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