(28-03-11) Changing from regular-fat to low-fat dairy foods reduces saturated fat intake but not energy intake in 4-13-y-old children.

Hendrie GA, Golley RK.

Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation Food and Nutritional
Sciences, Adelaide, Australia, and the Sansom Institute for Health Research,
University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dairy foods are nutrient rich but also a source of saturated fat
in the diets of children.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed effects on dietary intakes and health outcomes of
changing dairy foods consumed by children from regular- to reduced-fat
varieties.

DESIGN: This study was a 24-wk cluster randomized controlled trial in 93
families with 4-13-y-olds who were randomly allocated to parental education
regarding changing to reduced-fat dairy foods (n = 76 children) or reducing
screen time (n = 69 children). Study outcomes, which were measured at weeks 0,
12 (end of the intervention), and 24, included saturated fat, energy, and
nutrient intakes; pentadecanoic acid and blood lipid concentrations; body mass
index z score; and waist circumference. Multilevel analyses were used with
adjustment for child- and family-level covariates.

RESULTS: There were no group differences in overall dairy intakes (-45 g
dairy; 95% CI: -141, 51 g dairy; P = 0.356). Saturated fat intakes were 3.3
percentage points lower (P < 0.0001) in the intervention group at week 24 than
in the comparison group. Pentadecanoic acid concentrations were lower at week
12 (0.03%; P = 0.012) but not at week 24. LDL-cholesterol concentrations were
not different at week 12, but LDL-cholesterol concentration was 0.15 mmol/L
lower in the intervention group at week 24 than in the comparison group (P =
0.037). There were no significant group differences in total energy or
adiposity measures. Regular-fat dairy foods decreased from 88% to 14% of dairy
intake in the intervention group. Calcium, magnesium, and carbohydrate
(percentage of energy) intakes were higher in the intervention group than in
the comparison group; retinol intakes were lower in the intervention group than
in the comparison group; and overall vitamin A intakes were similar between
groups.

CONCLUSION: Advice to parents to change to reduced-fat products was effective
in reducing children's saturated fat intakes but did not alter energy intakes
or measures of adiposity. This trial was registered in the Australia New
Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12609000453280.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Mar 23. [Epub ahead of print]

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