(12-05-11) Effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate v. high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate weight-loss diet on antioxidant status, endothel

Effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate v. high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate weight-loss diet on antioxidant status, endothelial markers and plasma indices of the cardiometabolic profile.

Johnstone AM, Lobley GE, Horgan GW, Bremner DM, Fyfe CL, Morrice PC, Duthie
GG.
Source
University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen
AB21 9SB, Scotland, UK.
Abstract
There are concerns that weight-loss (WL) diets based on very low carbohydrate
(LC) intake have a negative impact on antioxidant status and biomarkers of
cardiovascular and metabolic health. Obese men (n 16) participated in a
randomised, cross-over design diet trial, with food provided daily, at
approximately 8?3 MJ/d (approximately 70 % of energy maintenance requirements).
They were provided with two high-protein diets (30 % of energy), each for a 4-
week period, involving a LC (4 % carbohydrate) and a moderate carbohydrate (MC,
35 % carbohydrate) content. Body weight was measured daily, and weekly blood
samples were collected. On average, subjects lost 6?75 and 4?32 kg of weight on
the LC and MC diets, respectively (P < 0?001, sed 0?350). Although the LC and
MC diets were associated with a small reduction in plasma concentrations of
retinol, vitamin E (?-tocopherol) and ?-cryptoxanthin (P < 0?005), these were
still above the values indicative of deficiency. Interestingly, plasma vitamin
C concentrations increased on consumption of the LC diet (P < 0?05). Plasma
markers of insulin resistance (P < 0?001), lipaemia and inflammation (P < 0?05,
TNF-? and IL-10) improved similarly on both diets. There was no change in other
cardiovascular markers with WL. The present data suggest that a LC WL diet does
not impair plasma indices of cardiometabolic health, at least within 4 weeks,
in otherwise healthy obese subjects. In general, improvements in metabolic
health associated with WL were similar between the LC and MC diets. Antioxidant
supplements may be warranted if LC WL diets are consumed for a prolonged period.

Source: Br J Nutr. 2011 Apr 27:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]

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