(05-07-11) Dietary insulin index and insulin load in relation to biomarkers of glycemic control, plasma lipids, and inflammation markers1,2,3

1. Katharina Nimptsch,
2. Jennie C Brand-Miller,
3. Mary Franz,
4. Laura Sampson,
5. Walter C Willett, and
6. Edward Giovannucci
+ Author Affiliations
1. 1From the Departments of Nutrition (KN, MF, LS, WCW, and EG) and Epidemiology (WCW and EG), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, and the Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, and Exercise, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (JCB-M).
+ Author Notes
?? ↵2 Supported by grants CA55075 and CA133891 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health and a scholarship within the postdoctoral program of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) (to KN).
?? ↵3 Address correspondence to K Nimptsch, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, Room 304, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Background: Dietary glycemic index and load are widely used to estimate the effect of carbohydrate-containing foods on postprandial blood glucose concentrations and as surrogates for insulin response. The food insulin index (II) directly quantifies the postprandial insulin secretion of a food and takes into account foods with a low or no carbohydrate content.
Objective: We investigated the average dietary II and insulin load (IL) in relation to biomarkers of glycemic control, plasma lipids, and inflammation markers.
Design: In a cross-sectional setting and with the use of data from the Nurses?? Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we measured plasma concentrations of C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in fasting blood samples of 4002 healthy men and women. The dietary II and IL were assessed from food-frequency questionnaires by using directly analyzed or published food II data.
Results: After multivariate adjustment, participants in the highest quintile of II had 26% higher triglyceride concentrations than did participants in the lowest quintile of II (P for trend < 0.0001). This association was strongest in obese [body mass index (in kg/m2) ??30] participants (difference between highest and lowest quintiles in the II: 72%; P for trend = 0.01). Dietary II was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol in obese participants (difference: −18%; P for trend = 0.03). Similar associations were seen for the IL. Dietary II and IL were not significantly associated with plasma C-peptide, Hb A1c, LDL cholesterol, CRP, or IL-6.
Conclusion: Dietary II and IL were not associated with fasting biomarkers of glycemic control but may be physiologically relevant to plasma lipids, especially in obese individuals.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr July 2011 vol. 94 no. 1 182-190

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