(09-01-12) Differential effects of macronutrient content in 2 energy-restricted diets on cardiovascular risk factors

Differential effects of macronutrient content in 2 energy-restricted diets on cardiovascular risk factors and adipose tissue cell size in moderately obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial1,2,3,4
1. Salwa W Rizkalla,
2. Edi Prifti,
3. Aur?lie Cotillard,
4. Veronique Pelloux,
5. Christine Rouault,
6. Reginald Allouche,
7. Muriel Laromigui?re,
8. LingChun Kong,
9. Froogh Darakhshan,
10. Florence Massiera, and
11. Karine Clement
+ Author Affiliations
1. 1From INSERM, U872, Nutriomique Team 7, and the Universit? Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris, France (SWR, AC, VP, CR, LK, FD, and KC); the Assistance Publique-H?pitaux de Paris, ICAN (Institut de Cardiometabolism & Nutrition), Nutrition and Endocrinology Department Piti?-Salp?tri?re Hospital, and the Centre de Recherche Nutrition Humaine, Ile de France, Paris, France (SWR, LK, FD, and KC); the Biochemistry Laboratory, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France (ML); and the CEPRODI-KOT Laboratory, Paris, France (RA and FM).
+ Author Notes
? ↵2 Part of this study was presented at the 70th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association, Orlando, FL, 25?29 June 2010.
? ↵3 Supported by grants from CEPRODI-KOT Laboratory (European Company of Diet Products designing nutritional intervention strategies based on innovative food products for weight management), INSERM, University Pierre and Marie-Curie, Paris, France, and Region Ile de France [CODDIM (cardiovascular-obesity-diabetes as a ?domain d'int?r?t majeur?) to KC and FD)].
? ↵4 Address correspondence to SW Rizkalla, Department of Nutrition, INSERM U872, CRNH-Ile de France, Batiment Benjamin Delessert, Hopital Piti? Salp?tri?re, 82 Boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, France 75013. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Background: The most effective and safe dietary approach for weight loss and its impact on the metabolic functions and morphology of adipose tissue remain unclear.
Objectives: We evaluated whether an energy-restricted high-protein diet with a low glycemic index and soluble fiber (LC-P-LGI) would be more effective than a low-calorie conventional diet (LC-CONV) on weight loss and related metabolic risk factors. We further determined factors that may influence adipocyte size during energy restriction.
Design: Thirteen obese participants were randomly assigned in a crossover design to 2 periods of a 4-wk hypocaloric diet as either LC-P-LGI or LC-CONV, separated by 8-wk washout intervals.
Results: In comparison with the LC-CONV diet, the main effect of the LC-P-LGI diet was a greater decrease in adipocyte diameter (P = 0.048), plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor protein-1 (P = 0.019), vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.032), and interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (P = 0.010). Whereas fasting plasma glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased only after the LC-P-LGI diet, with no differences between diets, fasting plasma insulin and insulin resistance were lower after the LC-CONV diet. The diet results did not differ for body composition and lipid variables. Kinetic modifications in adipocyte diameter were associated with metabolic variables and genes implicated in adipocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
Conclusions: In comparison with the LC-CONV diet, the LC-P-LGI diet was associated with improvement in some cardiometabolic risk factors and greater reduction in adipocyte size. Profiles of genes involved in inhibiting adipogenesis and angiogenesis, but increasing apoptosis, were correlated with decreased adipocyte size. This study provides insight into the adipose tissue?remodeling changes that induce regulation of adipocyte size during dietary weight loss. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01312740.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr January 2012 vol. 95 no. 1 49-63

News

---

In evidenza

"L'informazione presente nel sito serve a migliorare, e non a sostituire, il rapporto medico-paziente."

Per coloro che hanno problemi di salute si consiglia di consultare sempre il proprio medico curante.