(02-03-12) The link between dietary glycemic index and nutrient adequacy1,2,3,4

1. Jimmy Chun Yu Louie,
2. Anette E Buyken,
3. Jennie C Brand-Miller, and
4. Victoria M Flood
+Author Affiliations
1. 1From the Cluster for Public Health Nutrition, Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (JCYL); the Nutrition and Health Unit, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany (AEB); the Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (JCB-M and JCYL); and the School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Biosciences, The University of Wollongong,Wollongong, Australia (VMF).
+Author Notes
? ↵2 This manuscript was given as an oral presentation at the 2010 Nutrition Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting held in Perth, Australia, on 30 November 2010.
? ↵3 Supported by internal revenue.
? ↵4 Address correspondence and requests for reprints to VM Flood, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Background: Low?glycemic index (low-GI) diets may be less nutritious because of limited food choices. Alternately, high-GI diets could be less healthful because of a higher intake of refined carbohydrate.
Objective: The objective was to investigate the association between dietary GI, intakes of carbohydrates from high-GI (CHOhigh GI) and low-GI (CHOlow GI) sources, and the risk of nutrient inadequacy in children and adolescents.
Design: Children, aged 2?16 y, who provided 2 plausible 24-h recalls in a national survey were included (n = 4140). The ORs of not meeting the Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) were calculated by logistic regression.
Results: Subjects with higher intakes of CHOhigh GI were found to be at risk of not meeting the NRVs for a wide range of nutrients, including calcium and iodine (bothP-trend < 0.001). In comparison with subjects in the lowest quartile of CHOhigh GI, those in the highest quartile had 3 times (adjusted OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.47, 3.97; P-trend < 0.001) the risk of not meeting the Estimated Average Requirement for calcium. For iodine, the risk increased >5-fold (adjusted OR: 5.45; 95% CI: 3.97, 7.48; P-trend < 0.001). On the other hand, subjects with higher intakes of CHOlow GI were less likely to meet Adequate Intakes of unsaturated fatty acids (all P-trend < 0.001), despite having lower risks of not meeting the NRVs for most nutrients.
Conclusion: Children and adolescents who consume more CHOlow GI are more likely to meet most nutrient recommendations than those consuming higher GI diets.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr March 2012 vol. 95 no. 3 694-702

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