(02-05-12) Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials1,2,3

1. Stephen P Juraschek,
2. Eliseo Guallar,
3. Lawrence J Appel, and
4. Edgar R Miller III
+ Author Affiliations
1. 1From the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (SPJ, EG, LJA, and ERM), and the National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (EG).
+ Author Notes
? ↵2 SPJ is supported by an NIH/NHLBI T32HL007024 Cardiovascular Epidemiology Training Grant.
? ↵3 Address correspondence to ER Miller III, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 1-500, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Background: In observational studies, increased vitamin C intake, vitamin C supplementation, and higher blood concentrations of vitamin C are associated with lower blood pressure (BP). However, evidence for blood pressure?lowering effects of vitamin C in clinical trials is inconsistent.
Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials that examined the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP.
Design: We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Central databases from 1966 to 2011. Prespecified inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) use of a randomized controlled trial design; 2) trial reported effects on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) or both; 3) trial used oral vitamin C and concurrent control groups; and 4) trial had a minimum duration of 2 wk. BP effects were pooled by random-effects models, with trials weighted by inverse variance.
Results: Twenty-nine trials met eligibility criteria for the primary analysis. The median dose was 500 mg/d, the median duration was 8 wk, and trial sizes ranged from 10 to 120 participants. The pooled changes in SBP and DBP were −3.84 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.29, −2.38 mm Hg; P < 0.01) and −1.48 mm Hg (95% CI: −2.86, −0.10 mm Hg; P = 0.04), respectively. In trials in hypertensive participants, corresponding reductions in SBP and DBP were −4.85 mm Hg (P < 0.01) and −1.67 mm Hg (P = 0.17). After the inclusion of 9 trials with imputed BP effects, BP effects were attenuated but remained significant.
Conclusions: In short-term trials, vitamin C supplementation reduced SBP and DBP. Long-term trials on the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP and clinical events are needed.

Source: Am J Clin Nutr May 2012 vol. 95 no. 5 1079-1088

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