(04-06-12) Consumption of a High Monounsaturated-Fat Diet Reduces Oxidative Phosphorylation Gene Expression

Consumption of a High Monounsaturated-Fat Diet Reduces Oxidative Phosphorylation Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Abdominally Overweight Men and Women.
van Dijk SJ, Feskens EJ, Bos MB, de Groot LC, de Vries JH, M??ller M, Afman LA.
Source
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The
Netherlands.
Abstract
The Mediterranean (MED) diet is often considered health-promoting due to its
high content of MUFA and polyphenols. These bioactive compounds can affect gene
expression and accordingly may regulate pathways and proteins related to
cardiovascular disease prevention. This study aimed to identify the effects of
a MED-type diet, and the replacement of SFA with MUFA in a Western-type diet,
on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression and plasma
proteins. Abdominally overweight men and women (waist: women ??80 cm, men ??94
cm) were allocated to an 8-wk, completely controlled SFA diet [19% daily energy
as SFA], a MUFA diet (20% daily energy MUFA), or a MED diet (21% daily energy
MUFA). Concentrations of 124 plasma proteins and PBMC whole-genome
transcriptional profiles were assessed. Consumption of the MUFA and MED diets,
compared with the SFA diet, decreased the expression of oxidative
phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes, plasma connective tissue growth factor and apoB
concentrations. Compared with the MED and SFA diets, the MUFA diet changed the
expression of genes involved in B-cell receptor signaling and endocytosis
signaling. Participants who consumed the MED diet had lower concentrations of
proinflammatory proteins at 8 wk compared with baseline. We hypothesize that
replacement of SFA with MUFA may improve health, thereby reducing metabolic
stress and OXPHOS activity in PBMC. The MED diet may have additional
antiatherogenic effects by lowering proinflammatory plasma proteins.

Source: J Nutr. 2012 May 23. [Epub ahead of print]

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