(28-08-12) Relationship between dietary intake of cod liver oil in early pregnancy and birthweight

Anna S. Olafsdottir,a Anna R. Magnusardottir,b Holmfridur Thorgeirsdottir,a
Arnar Hauksson,c Gudrun V. Skuladottir,b Laufey Steingrimsdottira
Objective To investigate the possible association between birth outcome and marine food and cod liver oil
intake of healthy women in early (prior to 15 weeks of gestation) pregnancy.
Design An observational study.
Setting Free-living conditions in a community with traditional fish and cod liver oil consumption.
Population Four hundred and thirty-five healthy pregnant Icelandic women without antenatal and intrapartum
complications.
Methods Dietary intake of the women was estimated with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire
(FFQ) covering food intake together with lifestyle factors for the previous three months. Questionnaires
were filled out at between 11 and 15 weeks and between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation. The estimated intake
of marine food and cod liver oil was compared with birthweight by linear and logistic regression controlling
for potential confounding.
Main outcome measures Birthweight, cod liver oil intake, lifestyle factors (alcohol, smoking).
Results Fourteen percent of the study population used liquid cod liver oil in early pregnancy. Regression
analysis shows that these women gave birth to heavier babies (P < 0.001), even after adjusting for the length
of gestation and other confounding.
Conclusions Maternal intake of liquid cod liver oil early in pregnancy was associated with a higher
birthweight. Higher birthweight has been associated with a lower risk of diseases later in life and maternal
cod liver oil intake might be one of the means for achieving higher birthweight.

Source: BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
April 2005, Vol. 112, pp. 424?429

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