(12-10-12) Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes: meta-analysis.

Aubin HJ, Farley A, Lycett D, Lahmek P, Aveyard P.
Source
Centre d'Enseignement, de Recherche et de Traitement des Addictions, H?pital
Paul Brousse, AP-HP, Univ Paris-Sud, INSERM U669, 94804 Villejuif, France.
[email protected]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To describe weight gain and its variation in smokers who achieve prolonged
abstinence for up to 12 months and who quit without treatment or use drugs to
assist cessation.
DESIGN:
Meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES:
We searched the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and trials
listed in Cochrane reviews of smoking cessation interventions (nicotine
replacement therapy, nicotinic partial agonists, antidepressants, and exercise)
for randomised trials of first line treatments (nicotine replacement therapy,
bupropion, and varenicline) and exercise that reported weight change. We also
searched CENTRAL for trials of interventions for weight gain after cessation.
REVIEW METHODS:
Trials were included if they recorded weight change from baseline to follow-up
in abstinent smokers. We used a random effects inverse variance model to
calculate the mean and 95% confidence intervals and the mean of the standard
deviation for weight change from baseline to one, two, three, six, and 12
months after quitting. We explored subgroup differences using random effects
meta-regression.
RESULTS:
62 studies were included. In untreated quitters, mean weight gain was 1.12 kg
(95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.47), 2.26 kg (1.98 to 2.54), 2.85 kg (2.42
to 3.28), 4.23 kg (3.69 to 4.77), and 4.67 kg (3.96 to 5.38) at one, two,
three, six, and 12 months after quitting, respectively. Using the means and
weighted standard deviations, we calculated that at 12 months after cessation,
16%, 37%, 34%, and 13% of untreated quitters lost weight, and gained less than
5 kg, gained 5-10 kg, and gained more than 10 kg, respectively. Estimates of
weight gain were similar for people using different pharmacotherapies to
support cessation. Estimates were also similar between people especially
concerned about weight gain and those not concerned.
CONCLUSION:
Smoking cessation is associated with a mean increase of 4-5 kg in body weight
after 12 months of abstinence, and most weight gain occurs within three months
of quitting. Variation in weight change is large, with about 16% of quitters
losing weight and 13% gaining more than 10 kg.

Source: BMJ. 2012 Jul 10;345:e4439. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e4439.

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