(18-01-13) Molecular mechanisms of the cardiovascular protective effects of polyphenols

Ramaroson Andriantsitohainaa1, Cyril Augera2, Thierry Chataigneaua2, Nelly ?tienne-Sellouma2, Huige Lia3, M. Carmen Mart?neza1, Val?rie B. Schini-Kertha2 and Ismail Lahera4 c1
a1 LUNAM Universit? d'Angers, INSERM, U1063, Universit? d'Angers, Angers, France
a2 Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Facult? de Pharmacie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Universit? de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
a3 Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
a4 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported a greater reduction in cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders associated with diets rich in polyphenols. The antioxidant effects of polyphenols are attributed to the regulation of redox enzymes by reducing reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase in addition to also up-regulating multiple antioxidant enzymes. Although data supporting the effects of polyphenols in reducing oxidative stress are promising, several studies have suggested additional mechanisms in the health benefits of polyphenols. Polyphenols from red wine increase endothelial NO production leading to endothelium-dependent relaxation in conditions such as hypertension, stroke or the metabolic syndrome. Numerous molecules contained in fruits and vegetables can activate sirtuins to increase lifespan and silence metabolic and physiological disturbances associated with endothelial NO dysfunction. Although intracellular pathways involved in the endothelial effects of polyphenols are partially described, the molecular targets of these polyphenols are not completely elucidated. We review the novel aspects of polyphenols on several targets that could trigger the health benefits of polyphenols in conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances.
Source: British Journal of Nutrition
? British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 108 / Issue 09 / November 2012, pp 1532-1549
? Copyright ? Cambridge University Press 2012
? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512003406 (About DOI), Published online: 31 August 2012

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